What would it take to truly close the vast opportunity gaps in pre-K–12 public education in the United States—far beyond the weak standard in common use of “adequacy” based on test scores? This report presents findings from the North Carolina part of a national costing-out study called the “Price of Opportunity,” which seeks to identify and estimate the cost of the resources and programs required to achieve this ambitious goal. The study also considers the balance between educational, social, and economic policy systems needed to eliminate educational opportunity gaps. The approach, findings, and cost estimates presented in this report inform a key part of the national Price of Opportunity study.