The role of test scores in college admissions is widely debated. In their absence, GPA is the primary indicator of readiness, though it depends on course difficulty. An Annenberg Institute report introduces "Transcript Strength," a new measure adjusting GPA based on course rigor. Using Item Response Theory’s partial credit model, it evaluates transcript strength like an educational test. Preliminary findings suggest it offers distinct insights from GPA and SAT scores. While the method is theoretically promising, further research is needed before it can inform policy or admissions decisions.

Suggested Citation: Russell, M. (2025). NEPC review: Making the grade: Accounting for course selection in high school transcripts with item response theory. Boulder, CO: National Education Policy Center. Retrieved [date] from https://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa